The four true hormones are gastrin, secretin, cholecytoskinin(CCK), and GIP -gastric inhibitory peptide.
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and upper part of the samll intestine and it stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach, stimulates pepsinogen secretion, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine, released by protein, distension, vagus nerve and is inhibited by acid in the stomach.
CCK is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine; stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbnonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine,
inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins, inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in thesmall intestine; stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, released by acid in small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
GIP is released from K cells and is secreeted in response to fat, and to a lessor extent to carbohydrates in the duodenum. It decreases motor and secretory activity of the stomach, but mainly causes insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas.
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