Tuesday, July 20, 2010
Friday, July 16, 2010
Monday biochemistry question:
Cindee Evenson
The biochemistry of the enantiomers is different because the are chiral, meaning they have right or left handedness with two different nonsuperimposable mirror image forms. One hand does not match the other when superimposed. Amino acids and carbohydrates are both chiral. The body only recognizes right handedness.
Cindee Evenson
The biochemistry of the enantiomers is different because the are chiral, meaning they have right or left handedness with two different nonsuperimposable mirror image forms. One hand does not match the other when superimposed. Amino acids and carbohydrates are both chiral. The body only recognizes right handedness.
Wednesday, July 14, 2010
Week One Summer 2010 Shortcourse : Math in Science Context: Distance Assignments
Week One Summer 2010 Shortcourse : Math in Science Context: Distance Assignments: "Here is a link to the distance assignment in population biology. https://docs.google.com/document/edit?id=1lUzs23IC1QWKABg_di82OwZ8Fq2S1KzpB..."
I found the article on population biology interesting. The graphing section is good look at the way data can be expressed and analyzed. It is a good set up for reviewing for those standardized test question that involve retrieval of info from graphs, charts,......etc
The random sampling activity looked like students would be engaged. I'm not sure how I would use this in my class but the concept seems workable.
I found the article on population biology interesting. The graphing section is good look at the way data can be expressed and analyzed. It is a good set up for reviewing for those standardized test question that involve retrieval of info from graphs, charts,......etc
The random sampling activity looked like students would be engaged. I'm not sure how I would use this in my class but the concept seems workable.
Hormones and Reflexes
4 Hormones
1) Gastrin functions mostly to regulate acid secretion in the stomach.
2) Cholecystokinin play a key role in facilitating digestion in the small intestine.
3) Secretin is released in response to acid in the small intestine, and stimulates the pancreas and bile ducts to
release a bicarbonate base which neutralizes the acid.
release a bicarbonate base which neutralizes the acid.
4) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide- inhibits motility and secretion of acid and enhances the release of insulin in response to insulin.
Neuromuscular reflexes in GI Tract
Nerves throughout the digestive system are all involuntary and communicate with each other in response to
different stimuli. Example the flight or fight response, gage reflex, defecation after meals.
different stimuli. Example the flight or fight response, gage reflex, defecation after meals.
Tuesday questions:
Cindee Evenson
1. CCK causes gallbladder contractions and pancreatic enzyme secretions. Secretin increases bicarbonate secretions from the duct cells lining the pancreas. Gastrin acts on the parietal cells of the stomach to increase HCl and intrinsic factor secretion. GIP acts to inhibit gastric molarity, strength of contraction, and the release of HCl from the parietal cells of the stomach.
2. The GI tract has its own nervous has its own nervous system. The vagus nerve acts to increase motility and glandular secretions throughout the GI tract. The sympathetic nervous system acts to inhibit GI motility and glandular secretions.
Cindee Evenson
1. CCK causes gallbladder contractions and pancreatic enzyme secretions. Secretin increases bicarbonate secretions from the duct cells lining the pancreas. Gastrin acts on the parietal cells of the stomach to increase HCl and intrinsic factor secretion. GIP acts to inhibit gastric molarity, strength of contraction, and the release of HCl from the parietal cells of the stomach.
2. The GI tract has its own nervous has its own nervous system. The vagus nerve acts to increase motility and glandular secretions throughout the GI tract. The sympathetic nervous system acts to inhibit GI motility and glandular secretions.
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
1. The four true hormones in the GI tract are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine. It stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach, stimulates pepsinogen secretion by chief cells in stomach, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine. Gastrin is released by protein, distension, via the vagus nerve and is inhibited by acid in the stomach.
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins in small intestine and also inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. It stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, is released by acid in small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
Gastric inhibitory peptide is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. It stimulates insulin release fron the b cells of pancreas, is released by mostly fat and partly carbohydrates in small intestine, and inhibit's the release of HCl from parietal cells of stomach.
2. Neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract are stimulated by the vagus nerve. They are controlled by the movement of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine that stimulate GI contractions an d peristalsis. The reflexes can also be triggered by hormones mentioned above which can take longer but have longer lasting effects.
1. The four true hormones in the GI tract are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine. It stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach, stimulates pepsinogen secretion by chief cells in stomach, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine. Gastrin is released by protein, distension, via the vagus nerve and is inhibited by acid in the stomach.
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins in small intestine and also inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. It stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, is released by acid in small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
Gastric inhibitory peptide is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. It stimulates insulin release fron the b cells of pancreas, is released by mostly fat and partly carbohydrates in small intestine, and inhibit's the release of HCl from parietal cells of stomach.
2. Neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract are stimulated by the vagus nerve. They are controlled by the movement of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine that stimulate GI contractions an d peristalsis. The reflexes can also be triggered by hormones mentioned above which can take longer but have longer lasting effects.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
1) gastrin- produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and upper small intestine. Stimulates acid and pepsinogen secretion in the stomach as well as the pancrease, bile, gallbladder, and intestine.
cholecystokinin- produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. Stimulates pancreatic enzymes, bicarbonate secretion, gallbladder contraction, and the release of bile into the small intestine.
secretin- produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. Stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water.
gastric inhibitory peptide- produced in the small intestine. Neutralizes stomach acid to protect the small intestine and induces insulin production
2) The neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract are controlled by the movement of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine that stimulate GI contractions and peristalsis. The reflexes can also be triggered by hormones which take longer to create a reaction but have longer lasting effects.
cholecystokinin- produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. Stimulates pancreatic enzymes, bicarbonate secretion, gallbladder contraction, and the release of bile into the small intestine.
secretin- produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. Stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water.
gastric inhibitory peptide- produced in the small intestine. Neutralizes stomach acid to protect the small intestine and induces insulin production
2) The neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract are controlled by the movement of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine that stimulate GI contractions and peristalsis. The reflexes can also be triggered by hormones which take longer to create a reaction but have longer lasting effects.
blogging for Monday and Tuesday's questions
Monday and Tuesday’s Blogging Questions
Monday-Osmotic diarrhea happens when there is too much water that gets into the bowels. This can happen when digestion is hurried and incomplete or because of diseases, in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Probiotics or good bacteria can counteract osmotic diarrhea. Good bacteria aids in digestion to overcome diarrhea.
Tuesday-
1) The true hormones of the GI tract are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide.
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in stomach and upper part of small intestine. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in stomach,
stimulates pepsinogen secretion by chief cells in stomach, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine. Gastrin is released by protein, distension, via the vagus nerve
and is inhibited by acid in stomach.
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins in small intestine and also inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. Secretin stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, is released by acid in small intestine,
inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. GIP
stimulates insulin release from the b cells of pancreas, is released by mostly fat and partly carbohydrates in small intestine, and inhibit’s the release of HCl from parietal cells of stomach.
2) The neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract are stimulated by the vagus nerve. Several factors control GI function including the true hormones mentioned above, peptides and extrinsic nerves to the GI tract and intrinsic nerves in the GI tract. The extrinsic nerves to the GI tract are part of the autonomic nervous system, which include the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system. The intrinsic nerves in the GI tract are part of the enteric nervous system, which include the myenteric plexus and the sub mucosal plexus. Most of the GI tract walls are made up of smooth muscle.
Monday-Osmotic diarrhea happens when there is too much water that gets into the bowels. This can happen when digestion is hurried and incomplete or because of diseases, in which the nutrients are left in the lumen to pull in water. Probiotics or good bacteria can counteract osmotic diarrhea. Good bacteria aids in digestion to overcome diarrhea.
Tuesday-
1) The true hormones of the GI tract are gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide.
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in stomach and upper part of small intestine. Gastrin stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in stomach,
stimulates pepsinogen secretion by chief cells in stomach, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine. Gastrin is released by protein, distension, via the vagus nerve
and is inhibited by acid in stomach.
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. Cholecystokinin stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins in small intestine and also inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. Secretin stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, is released by acid in small intestine,
inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. GIP
stimulates insulin release from the b cells of pancreas, is released by mostly fat and partly carbohydrates in small intestine, and inhibit’s the release of HCl from parietal cells of stomach.
2) The neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract are stimulated by the vagus nerve. Several factors control GI function including the true hormones mentioned above, peptides and extrinsic nerves to the GI tract and intrinsic nerves in the GI tract. The extrinsic nerves to the GI tract are part of the autonomic nervous system, which include the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system. The intrinsic nerves in the GI tract are part of the enteric nervous system, which include the myenteric plexus and the sub mucosal plexus. Most of the GI tract walls are made up of smooth muscle.
Neuromuscular Reflexes in GI Tract
Neuromuscular Reflexes relates to nerve and muscle interaction in the GI Tract. Gastroileal reflex promotes mass movements of the colon. Defecation reflex is stimulated by stretching of the rectum. Emotions can influence colonic motility. Pain, fear, depression can produce constipation. Anger, anxiety, hostility can cause diarrhea. The vomiting reflex is cordinated in the brainstem and stimulated by excessive stretching of the stomach, seasickness, tickling in back of throat, and noxious or toxic chemicals.
Tues Anatomoy ?'s
Tuesday Ju 13 Homework
1. Describe the 4 “true” hormones in the GI tract and what they do.
The four "true" hormones are gastrin, secretin, CCK, and GIP. Gastrin is secreted by cells in the stomach and it stimulates the parietal cells in the stomach to secrete HCL and intrinsic factor. Secretin is known as "nature's antacid". Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete carbonate ions so that the acidic stomach juices will be neutralized and not damage the small intestine. CCK is released from cells in the duodenum. CCK causes the gall bladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes. It also causes relaxation to the sphincter of Oddi so the pancreatic enzymes and bile can get to the duodenum more easily. GIP is released from cells in the duodenum. It increases motor activity and secretory activity of the stomach, but its primary job is to stimulate the pancreas to release insulin from the beta cells.
2. Describe the neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract (how various organs communicate with each other).
The enterogastric reflex is stimulated when pH levels in the duodenum reach 3-4 or the stomach pH reaches 1.5. It inhibits the release of gastrin. This reduces gastric motility and secretion of HCl. The gastrocolic reflex is stimulated when the stomach stretches during a meal. It can increase motility and is responsible for the urge to defecate. The colonoileal reflex prevents the ilial contents from being emptied into the colon.
1. Describe the 4 “true” hormones in the GI tract and what they do.
The four "true" hormones are gastrin, secretin, CCK, and GIP. Gastrin is secreted by cells in the stomach and it stimulates the parietal cells in the stomach to secrete HCL and intrinsic factor. Secretin is known as "nature's antacid". Secretin stimulates the pancreas to secrete carbonate ions so that the acidic stomach juices will be neutralized and not damage the small intestine. CCK is released from cells in the duodenum. CCK causes the gall bladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes. It also causes relaxation to the sphincter of Oddi so the pancreatic enzymes and bile can get to the duodenum more easily. GIP is released from cells in the duodenum. It increases motor activity and secretory activity of the stomach, but its primary job is to stimulate the pancreas to release insulin from the beta cells.
2. Describe the neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract (how various organs communicate with each other).
The enterogastric reflex is stimulated when pH levels in the duodenum reach 3-4 or the stomach pH reaches 1.5. It inhibits the release of gastrin. This reduces gastric motility and secretion of HCl. The gastrocolic reflex is stimulated when the stomach stretches during a meal. It can increase motility and is responsible for the urge to defecate. The colonoileal reflex prevents the ilial contents from being emptied into the colon.
4 True Hormones
The 4 True Hormones are Gastin, Secretin, GIP and CCK.
The Gastin hormone stimulates secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells in the stomach. Gastin is released by G cells in stomach and causes the Ph level of stomach to decrease resulting in more acid.
Secretin is the hormone produced by duodenum. Secretin enters the bloodstream and induces pancreas to produce a juice that neutralizes the acidity contents of small intestine.
GIP stands for Gastric inhibitory polypeptide. This hormone causes decrease in HCL levels and Ph level in stomach becomes less acidic. GIP also induces insulin secretion.
CCK stand for cholecystokinin which is a hormone produced by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats. This causes the gall bladder to release bile and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
The Gastin hormone stimulates secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells in the stomach. Gastin is released by G cells in stomach and causes the Ph level of stomach to decrease resulting in more acid.
Secretin is the hormone produced by duodenum. Secretin enters the bloodstream and induces pancreas to produce a juice that neutralizes the acidity contents of small intestine.
GIP stands for Gastric inhibitory polypeptide. This hormone causes decrease in HCL levels and Ph level in stomach becomes less acidic. GIP also induces insulin secretion.
CCK stand for cholecystokinin which is a hormone produced by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats. This causes the gall bladder to release bile and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes.
neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract.
Describe the neuromuscular reflexes in the GI tract (how various organs communicate with each other).
The GI tract has its own nervous system called the intrinsic nervous system and uses neurons(like the autonomic nervous system), to transmit information quickly from one area of the body to another, reaching distant organs to regulate function and maintain honeostasis.
The two types of feedback are positive and negative and the latter is much more common. Hormones are also used, for regulating organs, but their effects last much longer and don't repond as quickly as the neurotransmitters do, because the hormones travel through the bloodstream.
Movement in the GI tract is done by rhytmic segmentatin, peristalsis, and tonic contraction, (mixing, propulsion, contraction/relaxation, sphincter contractions), in order and sequence assisting the organ's function and purpose for the system.
The GI tract has its own nervous system called the intrinsic nervous system and uses neurons(like the autonomic nervous system), to transmit information quickly from one area of the body to another, reaching distant organs to regulate function and maintain honeostasis.
The two types of feedback are positive and negative and the latter is much more common. Hormones are also used, for regulating organs, but their effects last much longer and don't repond as quickly as the neurotransmitters do, because the hormones travel through the bloodstream.
Movement in the GI tract is done by rhytmic segmentatin, peristalsis, and tonic contraction, (mixing, propulsion, contraction/relaxation, sphincter contractions), in order and sequence assisting the organ's function and purpose for the system.
4 True Hormones and their Function
The four true hormones are gastrin, secretin, cholecytoskinin(CCK), and GIP -gastric inhibitory peptide.
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and upper part of the samll intestine and it stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach, stimulates pepsinogen secretion, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine, released by protein, distension, vagus nerve and is inhibited by acid in the stomach.
CCK is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine; stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbnonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine,
inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins, inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in thesmall intestine; stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, released by acid in small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
GIP is released from K cells and is secreeted in response to fat, and to a lessor extent to carbohydrates in the duodenum. It decreases motor and secretory activity of the stomach, but mainly causes insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas.
Gastrin is produced by endocrine cells in the stomach and upper part of the samll intestine and it stimulates acid secretion by parietal cells in the stomach, stimulates pepsinogen secretion, stimulates pancreas, bile, gallbladder, intestine, released by protein, distension, vagus nerve and is inhibited by acid in the stomach.
CCK is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine; stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbnonate secretion, stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile into small intestine,
inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins, inhibits gastric acid secretion.
Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in thesmall intestine; stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate and water, released by acid in small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying and secretion of acid and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
GIP is released from K cells and is secreeted in response to fat, and to a lessor extent to carbohydrates in the duodenum. It decreases motor and secretory activity of the stomach, but mainly causes insulin release from beta cells of the pancreas.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
One of the neural muscular reflexes present in the body is the gastrocolic reflex. It is responsible for the urge to defecate after a meal especially in infants. Another reflex, colonoileal reflex, seems to do the opposite, ie, it inhibits the urge to empty the colon.
One of the neural muscular reflexes present in the body is the gastrocolic reflex. It is responsible for the urge to defecate after a meal especially in infants. Another reflex, colonoileal reflex, seems to do the opposite, ie, it inhibits the urge to empty the colon.
True Hormones
The 4 true hormones are Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, and GPI.
Gastrin, stimulates acid secretion, pepsinogen secretion, the pancreas, bile, gallbladder, and the intestine.
CCK stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secreation, gallbladder contraction, and release of bile into small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins in small intestine. It also inhibits gastric acid secreation.
Secretin stimulates pancreatic secreation of bicarbonate and water, released by acid in the small intestine, it inhibits gastrci emptying and secretion of acid, increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide induces insulin secretion it also plays a role in fatty acid metabolism.
B.
The neurotransmitters transmit information quickly from one area of the body to another. They send messages in the form of hormones in the bloodstream and those hormones then regulate the functions of the GI tract.
Gastrin, stimulates acid secretion, pepsinogen secretion, the pancreas, bile, gallbladder, and the intestine.
CCK stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secreation, gallbladder contraction, and release of bile into small intestine, inhibits gastric emptying due to byproducts of fats or proteins in small intestine. It also inhibits gastric acid secreation.
Secretin stimulates pancreatic secreation of bicarbonate and water, released by acid in the small intestine, it inhibits gastrci emptying and secretion of acid, increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate and water.
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide induces insulin secretion it also plays a role in fatty acid metabolism.
B.
The neurotransmitters transmit information quickly from one area of the body to another. They send messages in the form of hormones in the bloodstream and those hormones then regulate the functions of the GI tract.
Osmotic Diarrhea
Osmotic diarrhea is caused by having too much water drawn into the bowels. It can occur from taking too many laxatives and by too much magnesium or vitamin C. The way to prevent this from happening is to change your diet so to avoid these items.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
#1 Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced by the endocrine cells in the small intestine. It causes the gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion resulting in an increase of fluid flow from the bile duct and and the main pancreatic duct.
#2 Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. It increases biocarbonate secretion from the duct sells lining the pancreas to neutralize the acid from the stomach. #3 Gastrin is produced by the endocrine cells in the stomch and upper parts of small intestine. It "turns on" the stomach by stimulating the partial cells of the stomach to increase HCl anad intrinsic factor secretion. #4 Gastric inhibitory peptide is produed in the small intestine. Inhibits gastric motility and secretion of HCl which helps neutralize the the stomach and protect the small intestine from acid. It also induces insulin secretion.
#1 Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced by the endocrine cells in the small intestine. It causes the gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion resulting in an increase of fluid flow from the bile duct and and the main pancreatic duct.
#2 Secretin is produced by endocrine cells in the small intestine. It increases biocarbonate secretion from the duct sells lining the pancreas to neutralize the acid from the stomach. #3 Gastrin is produced by the endocrine cells in the stomch and upper parts of small intestine. It "turns on" the stomach by stimulating the partial cells of the stomach to increase HCl anad intrinsic factor secretion. #4 Gastric inhibitory peptide is produed in the small intestine. Inhibits gastric motility and secretion of HCl which helps neutralize the the stomach and protect the small intestine from acid. It also induces insulin secretion.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
The four true hormones in the GI tract are:
1. Gastin - produced by endocrine cells in the stomach. It stimulates acid secretion, and is inhibited by acid in stomach.
2. Cholecystokinin (CCK) - produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. It stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion and stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile.
3. Secretin - produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. It stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate, inhibits gastric emptying and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate.
4. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) - produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. It inhibits gastric motality and secretion and stimulates secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets.
Defecation reflex is one type of reflex. If the rectum is distended by feces or an increase in pressure, the defecation reflex is initiated. The internal anal sphincter relaxes and the external anal sphincter constricts. If both are relaxed, defecation can occur.
The four true hormones in the GI tract are:
1. Gastin - produced by endocrine cells in the stomach. It stimulates acid secretion, and is inhibited by acid in stomach.
2. Cholecystokinin (CCK) - produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. It stimulates pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate secretion and stimulates gallbladder contraction and release of bile.
3. Secretin - produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. It stimulates pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate, inhibits gastric emptying and increases biliary secretion of bicarbonate.
4. Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) - produced by endocrine cells in small intestine. It inhibits gastric motality and secretion and stimulates secretion of insulin from pancreatic islets.
Defecation reflex is one type of reflex. If the rectum is distended by feces or an increase in pressure, the defecation reflex is initiated. The internal anal sphincter relaxes and the external anal sphincter constricts. If both are relaxed, defecation can occur.
Tuesday
The 4 hormones are gastrin, secretin, CCK, and GIP. Gastrin stimulates the perietal cells to secrete HCl in intrinsic factor. Secretin neutralized acid below the stomach by stimulating the pancreas to release carbonate ions. CCK is related fat digestion by stimulating gall bladder to release bile. GIP mainly causes insulin release from the pancreas.
One neuromuscular reflex is the gastrocolic reflex causes the urge to defecate following a meal. The enterogastric reflex shuts off the gastrin release based on the pH levels in the stomach and duodenum. The colonoileal reflex inhibits the urge to empty the colon.
One neuromuscular reflex is the gastrocolic reflex causes the urge to defecate following a meal. The enterogastric reflex shuts off the gastrin release based on the pH levels in the stomach and duodenum. The colonoileal reflex inhibits the urge to empty the colon.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
1. Gastrin increases motility in the stomach and small intestine. It also increases the secretion of stomach acid. Secretin increases bicarbonate in the pancreatic duct making it more basic and increasing fluid produced. GIP basically slows or stops digestion because it decreases motility and production of HCl. It also stimulates the insulin release into the blood. Acetylcholine increases the secretion of saliva, as well as motility of the stomach and intestines.
2. Organs can respond to triggers or things going on with other organs. For example when someone eats a meal and it triggers defacation.
1. Gastrin increases motility in the stomach and small intestine. It also increases the secretion of stomach acid. Secretin increases bicarbonate in the pancreatic duct making it more basic and increasing fluid produced. GIP basically slows or stops digestion because it decreases motility and production of HCl. It also stimulates the insulin release into the blood. Acetylcholine increases the secretion of saliva, as well as motility of the stomach and intestines.
2. Organs can respond to triggers or things going on with other organs. For example when someone eats a meal and it triggers defacation.
GI Tract Hormones
1.Gastrin is secreted by endocrine cells into the stomach. This happens as soon as food appears. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system, so it stimulates muscle contractions and excites nerves. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is used for digesting fats. It stimulates the release of enzymes from the pancreas and causes contractions of the gall bladder. Secretin neutralizes acid from the stomach by stimulating the pancreas & bile ducts to release a bicarbonate base.
2. The gastrocolic reflex helps the body move the meal through. It stimulates the colon to pass the previous meal and get ready for the next.
2. The gastrocolic reflex helps the body move the meal through. It stimulates the colon to pass the previous meal and get ready for the next.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
1. The four true hormones are gastrin which is secreted by the endocrine cells into the stomach and increases the gastric motility. This happens as soon as food appears. The second is acetylcholine which is a neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system so we are in the rest and relax mode. The third is secretin which neutralizes acid coming from the stomach with bicarbonate. The fourth is cholecystokinin which causes contraction of gallbladder for digesting of fat, releases of enzyme from the pancreas.
2. The gastrocolic reflex is one of a number of physiological reflexes controlling the motility or peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract. It involves an increase in motility of the colon in response to stretch in the stomach and by products of digestin in the small intestine. This reflex is responsible for the urge to defecate following a meal.
1. The four true hormones are gastrin which is secreted by the endocrine cells into the stomach and increases the gastric motility. This happens as soon as food appears. The second is acetylcholine which is a neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic nervous system so we are in the rest and relax mode. The third is secretin which neutralizes acid coming from the stomach with bicarbonate. The fourth is cholecystokinin which causes contraction of gallbladder for digesting of fat, releases of enzyme from the pancreas.
2. The gastrocolic reflex is one of a number of physiological reflexes controlling the motility or peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract. It involves an increase in motility of the colon in response to stretch in the stomach and by products of digestin in the small intestine. This reflex is responsible for the urge to defecate following a meal.
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology
Week Two Summer 2010 Short Course: Food and Science: Anatomy and Physiology: "FOOD AND SCIENCE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS Barbara E. Goodman, Ph.D. (barb.goodman@usd.edu or 605-677-5158) July 12-16, 2010 Tuesday Ju 13 H..."
Monday
1. Basically the contents of of the colon absorbs a great deal of water then you would have osmotic diarrhea. For instance when someone increases fiber a great deal in their diet it takes some time to adjust. If it is added all at once one might notice bouts of diarrhea. Too much fat consumed and not absorbed would have this affect as well.
2. Gradually adding fiber to the diet and limiting excess fat can help to counteract this.
Monday
1. Basically the contents of of the colon absorbs a great deal of water then you would have osmotic diarrhea. For instance when someone increases fiber a great deal in their diet it takes some time to adjust. If it is added all at once one might notice bouts of diarrhea. Too much fat consumed and not absorbed would have this affect as well.
2. Gradually adding fiber to the diet and limiting excess fat can help to counteract this.
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